椭圆测量技术允许测量材料的极化信息,需要具有不同灯和传感器配置的光学组件的精确旋转。这会导致繁琐的捕获设备,在实验室条件下仔细校准,并且在很长的获取时间,通常按照每个物体几天的顺序。最近的技术允许捕获偏振偏光的反射率信息,但仅限于单个视图,或涵盖所有视图方向,但仅限于单个均匀材料制成的球形对象。我们提出了稀疏椭圆测量法,这是一种便携式偏光获取方法,同时同时捕获极化SVBRDF和3D形状。我们的手持设备由现成的固定光学组件组成。每个物体的总收购时间在二十分钟之间变化,而不是天数。我们开发了一个完整的极化SVBRDF模型,其中包括分散和镜面成分以及单个散射,并通过生成模型来设计一种新型的极化逆渲染算法,并通过数据增强镜面反射样品的数据增强。我们的结果表明,与现实世界对象捕获的极化BRDF的最新基础数据集有很强的一致性。
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How would you fairly evaluate two multi-object tracking algorithms (i.e. trackers), each one employing a different object detector? Detectors keep improving, thus trackers can make less effort to estimate object states over time. Is it then fair to compare a new tracker employing a new detector with another tracker using an old detector? In this paper, we propose a novel performance measure, named Tracking Effort Measure (TEM), to evaluate trackers that use different detectors. TEM estimates the improvement that the tracker does with respect to its input data (i.e. detections) at frame level (intra-frame complexity) and sequence level (inter-frame complexity). We evaluate TEM over well-known datasets, four trackers and eight detection sets. Results show that, unlike conventional tracking evaluation measures, TEM can quantify the effort done by the tracker with a reduced correlation on the input detections. Its implementation is publicly available online at https://github.com/vpulab/MOT-evaluation.
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Reinforcement learning is a machine learning approach based on behavioral psychology. It is focused on learning agents that can acquire knowledge and learn to carry out new tasks by interacting with the environment. However, a problem occurs when reinforcement learning is used in critical contexts where the users of the system need to have more information and reliability for the actions executed by an agent. In this regard, explainable reinforcement learning seeks to provide to an agent in training with methods in order to explain its behavior in such a way that users with no experience in machine learning could understand the agent's behavior. One of these is the memory-based explainable reinforcement learning method that is used to compute probabilities of success for each state-action pair using an episodic memory. In this work, we propose to make use of the memory-based explainable reinforcement learning method in a hierarchical environment composed of sub-tasks that need to be first addressed to solve a more complex task. The end goal is to verify if it is possible to provide to the agent the ability to explain its actions in the global task as well as in the sub-tasks. The results obtained showed that it is possible to use the memory-based method in hierarchical environments with high-level tasks and compute the probabilities of success to be used as a basis for explaining the agent's behavior.
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Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.
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互动主义模型引入了一种动态的语言,交流和认知方法。在这项工作中,我们在对话对话系统(SDS)的对话建模的背景下探讨了这一基本理论。为了扩展这样的理论框架,我们提出了一组设计原则,这些设计原则遵守中央心理语言和交流理论,以实现SDS中的互动主义。通过这些,关键思想可以构成我们提出的设计原则的基础。
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本文在线学习和优化框架内提出并开发了一种用于电力市场中风能交易的新算法。特别是,我们将梯度下降算法的组成部分自适应变体与功能驱动的新闻册模型的最新进展相结合。这导致了一种在线产品的方法,能够利用数据丰富的环境,同时适应能源发电和发电市场的非平稳特征,并且具有最小的计算负担。根据几个数值实验,对我们的方法的性能进行了分析,既显示了对非平稳性不确定参数的更好适应性和显着的经济增长。
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使用机器学习算法从未标记的文本中提取知识可能很复杂。文档分类和信息检索是两个应用程序,可以从无监督的学习(例如文本聚类和主题建模)中受益,包括探索性数据分析。但是,无监督的学习范式提出了可重复性问题。初始化可能会导致可变性,具体取决于机器学习算法。此外,关于群集几何形状,扭曲可能会产生误导。在原因中,异常值和异常的存在可能是决定因素。尽管初始化和异常问题与文本群集和主题建模相关,但作者并未找到对它们的深入分析。这项调查提供了这些亚地区的系统文献综述(2011-2022),并提出了共同的术语,因为类似的程序具有不同的术语。作者描述了研究机会,趋势和开放问题。附录总结了与审查的作品直接或间接相关的文本矢量化,分解和聚类算法的理论背景。
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从大脑对听觉和视觉刺激的响应中的信息检索通过在记录脑电图信号时呈现给参与者的歌曲名称和图像类别的分类显示了成功。以重建听觉刺激的形式进行信息检索也显示出一些成功,但是在这里我们通过对音乐刺激的重建足够好,可以独立地看到和识别来改进以前的方法。此外,为每个相应的脑电图记录的一秒钟窗口,对深度学习模型进行了对时间对齐的音乐刺激谱的培训,与先前的研究相比,这大大降低了所需的提取步骤。参与者的NMED-TEMPO和NMED-HINDI数据集被动地收听全长歌曲,用于训练和验证卷积神经网络(CNN)回归器。测试了原始电压与功率谱输入以及线性与MEL频谱图的功效,并将所有输入和输出转换为2D图像。通过训练分类器评估了重建光谱图的质量,该分类器的MEL光谱图的精度为81%,线性光谱图(10%的机会精度)的精度为72%。最后,在两种抗性的匹配到样本任务中,听众以85%的成功率(50%机会)歧视听觉音乐刺激的重建。
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机器人系统的长期自主权隐含地需要可靠的平台,这些平台能够自然处理硬件和软件故障,行为问题或缺乏知识。基于模型的可靠平台还需要在系统开发过程中应用严格的方法,包括使用正确的构造技术来实现机器人行为。随着机器人的自治水平的提高,提供系统可靠性的提供成本也会增加。我们认为,自主机器人的可靠性可靠性可以从几种认知功能,知识处理,推理和元评估的正式模型中受益。在这里,我们为自动机器人代理的认知体系结构的生成模型提出了案例,该模型订阅了基于模型的工程和可靠性,自主计算和知识支持机器人技术的原则。
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最近的神经结构搜索(NAS)解决方案已经生产出令人印象深刻的结果培训超级网络,然后派生子网,A.K.A.儿童模型从预定义的搜索空间中胜过专家制作的模型。可以为资源受限的边缘设备选择高效且强大的子网,允许它们在野外执行良好。然而,构建任意架构的超级网络仍然是一种挑战,通常可以防止采用这些方法。为了解决这一挑战,我们呈现Bootstrapnas,这是一种自动生成NAS的超网络的软件框架。 Bootstrapnas从流行的体系结构,例如Reset-50或有效的自定义设计中获取预先训练的模型,并自动创建超网络,然后使用最先进的NAS技术来训练超级网络,导致子网,显着优于给定的预先训练模型。我们通过从任意模型存储库生成超级网络并提供结果的超网络来展示解决方案,以获得结果的再现性。
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